Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, biliary stasis, sliver diseases, cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, and Ascaris infection can interfere with enteric absorption of vitamin K.
The synthesis of vitamin K by the intestinal flora meets the requirements of this vitamin. But sterilization of the large intestine by the prolonged use of sulfonamides and antibiotics or diarrheal diseases like sprue, ulcerative colitis and conditions with reduce fat absorption may lead to vitamin K deficiency.
Vitamin K deficiency also occurs in patients with malabsorption and sometimes following prolonged use of broad spectrum antibiotic by mouths (which can destroy the colonic bacteria). Many antibiotics like penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, amphotericin B, erythromycin are reported to cause vitamin K deficiency and hypoprothrombinemia.
Certain types of drugs can impair vitamin K function. These include warfarin and other 4-hydroxycoumarin anticoagulants and large doses of salicylates, which inhibit the redox cycling of the vitamin.
Newborn are particularly at risk because their food is limited to milk, which is low in vitamin K; their stores of the vitamin are low because inadequate amounts cross the placental and their intestinal tract is not yet populated by vitamin K-synthesizing bacteria.
What are the causes of vitamin k deficiency in human?
